Pirates of the Gulf of Guinea: A Cost Analysis for Coastal States
- Curtis Bell
- Dec 7, 2021
- 1 min read
Pirate groups concentrated in the Niger Delta earn perhaps $5 million of direct income per year through theft and hostage-taking. The majority of this income---nearly $4 million per year---is stolen and extorted from non-African entities seeking the release of non-African hostages.
These low direct costs to African nations have created the perception among some that Gulf of Guinea piracy and armed robbery are greater problems for international shipping companies and foreign seafarers than they are for African nations. According to this view, these crimes happen in Africa, but they do not typically happen to Africa. Gulf of Guinea waters are crime scenes, but Gulf of Guinea nations are not the primary victims. The implication is that those paying ransoms and suffering direct financial losses have the most at stake.
This report shows that this perspective is misguided. Gulf of Guinea nations are facing significant direct, indirect, and opportunity costs related to the presence of piracy and armed robbery. These costs occur on a scale that is thousands of times greater than what is paid to pirates in ransoms each year.
Click here to download the report.
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Middle Ear Testing Simplified with Tympanometry
A tympanometer is a diagnostic device used by audiologists and ENT specialists to assess the condition of the middle ear. It measures the movement of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) in response to changes in air pressure, helping identify problems such as fluid buildup, eustachian tube dysfunction, or perforated eardrums.
This quick, non-invasive test—called tympanometry—is especially valuable in evaluating ear health in children, where ear infections and hearing issues are common.
How a Tympanometer Works
The tympanometer introduces a small amount of air pressure into the ear canal and uses a probe to measure how the eardrum responds. Based on the movement, the device generates a tympanogram—a visual graph that indicates ear pressure, compliance (eardrum…
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